31724df63f
Executed non-invasive pentest against amber-maple (v1.12-dev): - Phase 1: mDNS, port scan, binary analysis, eFuse readout - Phase 2: HMAC timing, command injection (27 tests), replay (6 tests) - Phase 3: NVS analysis, CVE check (12 CVEs), binary structure All network-facing tests PASS. Physical security gaps documented.
261 lines
13 KiB
Markdown
261 lines
13 KiB
Markdown
# ESP32 Hacking Tasks
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**Last Updated:** 2026-02-14
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## Completed: v1.12-dev — Security Hardening & Pentest
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Security hardening deployed to amber-maple. Full pentest executed 2026-02-14.
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- [x] Auth whitelist: only read-only queries work without HMAC auth
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- [x] AUTH OFF disabled remotely (serial console or FACTORY reset only)
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- [x] HMAC 128-bit (32 hex chars), replay window +/-5s, nonce dedup cache (8 entries)
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- [x] STATUS split: minimal (unauthed) vs full (authed) response
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- [x] Rate limiter: 50ms inter-command throttle (20 cmd/s max)
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- [x] NVS write throttle: 20 writes per 10s window
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- [x] CSI buffer bounds checking (UDP_REM macro)
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- [x] PMF (802.11w) required: `CONFIG_ESP_WIFI_PMF_REQUIRED=y`
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- [x] mDNS: hostname only, no service advertisement
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- [x] Serial console AUTH management (UART0, 921600 baud)
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- [x] ALERT command (temp/heap thresholds, EVENT emission)
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- [x] Secret auto-generated on first boot, redacted in boot log
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- [x] Pentest: mDNS service discovery — PASS (no service ads)
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- [x] Pentest: Port scan — PASS (only 5353/udp + 5501/udp open, 0 TCP)
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- [x] Pentest: Firmware binary analysis — PASS (no hardcoded secrets)
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- [x] Pentest: eFuse readout — all security fuses unburned (expected for dev)
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- [x] Pentest: HMAC timing oracle — PASS (constant-time comparison effective)
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- [x] Pentest: Command injection (27 tests) — PASS (all handled safely)
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- [x] Pentest: Replay attack (6 tests) — PASS (all rejected)
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- [x] Pentest: NVS partition analysis — auth_secret in plaintext (expected without flash encryption)
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- [x] Pentest: ESP-IDF CVE check (12 CVEs) — 8 N/A, 4 LOW risk
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- [x] Pentest: Binary structure — no stack canaries, no heap poisoning (fix recommended)
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- [x] Pentest results documented in `docs/PENTEST-RESULTS.md`
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## Completed: v1.11.0 — Diagnostics & Usability
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Deployed to fleet 2026-02-14.
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- [x] CSI ON/OFF command to toggle CSI collection
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- [x] HELP command (lists all 30 commands with syntax)
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- [x] FACTORY command (erase NVS config + reboot)
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- [x] CONFIG command (dump all running config key=value)
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- [x] PING command (echo reply, returns OK PONG)
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- [x] LOG command (runtime log level: NONE/ERROR/WARN/INFO/DEBUG/VERBOSE)
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- [x] RSSI RESET command (reset min/max counters)
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- [x] Tagged v1.11.0 and OTA deployed to all 3 sensors
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## Web Backend (`~/git/esp32-web/`)
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Tracked separately in `~/git/esp32-web/TASKS.md`. Currently at v0.1.5.
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## Firmware Backlog
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### P1 - High
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- [x] Test OTA rollback — crasher firmware flashed to amber-maple, bootloader rolled back to v1.11.0 (2026-02-14)
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- [ ] Enable stack canaries: `CONFIG_COMPILER_STACK_CHECK_MODE_NORM=y`
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- [ ] Enable heap poisoning: `CONFIG_HEAP_POISONING_LIGHT=y`
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### P2 - Normal
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- [ ] Tune presence threshold per room with real-world testing
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- [ ] Power consumption measurements using POWERTEST + external meter
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- [ ] Multi-target (send UDP to 2+ destinations)
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### P3 - Low
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- [x] ALERT command — temp/heap threshold monitoring with EVENT emission (2026-02-14)
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- [ ] Deep sleep mode with wake-on-CSI-motion
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- [ ] Battery-optimized duty cycling
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- [ ] AP+STA config portal (captive portal for initial setup)
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### Documentation
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- [ ] Document esp-crab dual-antenna capabilities
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- [ ] Document esp-radar console features
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- [ ] Pin mapping for ESP32-DevKitC V1
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## Completed: v1.10 - LED Quiet Mode & CI Hardening
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- [x] LED quiet mode (off normally, solid on motion/presence, blinks on OTA)
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- [x] Default LED to quiet mode
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- [x] Build metadata in STATUS reply
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- [x] CI security checks (secrets scan, config validation)
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- [x] Firmware size check and version tag validation
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- [x] Size optimization (`-Os`, saves ~75KB)
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- [x] CSI ON/OFF toggle command
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## Completed: v1.9 - Multi-Channel Scanning & BLE Fingerprinting
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- [x] CHANSCAN command (ON/OFF/NOW/INTERVAL)
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- [x] Channel hopping (1-13) with 100ms dwell, pause CSI during scan
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- [x] chanscan= field in STATUS, chanscan_int NVS persistence
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- [x] BLE fingerprinting: company_id, tx_power, adv_flags in BLE_DATA
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- [x] Historical presence sessions support
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## Completed: v1.8 - HTTPS OTA Support
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- [x] Support HTTPS URLs for OTA updates (esp_https_ota)
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- [x] CI: Upload firmware to Gitea releases for OTA
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- [x] CI: Simplify deploy script to pure POSIX sh
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## Completed: v1.7 - Baseline Calibration & Presence Detection
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- [x] CALIBRATE command (capture N seconds of CSI, average per-subcarrier amplitudes)
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- [x] CALIBRATE STATUS / CALIBRATE CLEAR subcommands
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- [x] Presence scoring (normalized Euclidean distance vs baseline, rolling window of 50)
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- [x] PRESENCE ON/OFF command (NVS persisted, requires valid baseline)
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- [x] PRESENCE THRESHOLD command (0.001-1.0, NVS persisted, default 0.05)
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- [x] Presence events (`EVENT,<hostname>,presence=<0|1> score=<float>`) with 10s holdoff
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- [x] Calibration done event (`EVENT,<hostname>,calibrate=done packets=<n> nsub=<n>`)
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- [x] presence= and pr_score= fields in STATUS reply
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- [x] NVS persistence: bl_amps (blob), bl_nsub (i8), presence (i8), pr_thresh (i32)
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- [x] config_save_blob / config_erase_key NVS helpers
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- [x] n_sub field in csi_features_t, amps_out parameter in csi_extract_features
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- [x] Pi-side: parse presence/calibrate events in watch daemon
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- [x] Pi-side: store in sensor_events table (`esp-ctl osint events`)
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- [x] Pi-side: HA webhooks for presence_change and calibrate_done
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- [x] Fleet OTA to v1.7, calibrated hollow-acorn + amber-maple
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## Completed: v1.6 - Power Management
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- [x] ESP-IDF power management framework (DFS 240/80 MHz + light sleep)
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- [x] sdkconfig: CONFIG_PM_ENABLE, CONFIG_FREERTOS_USE_TICKLESS_IDLE
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- [x] POWERSAVE command (WiFi modem sleep toggle, NVS persisted, default off)
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- [x] powersave= field in STATUS reply
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- [x] POWERTEST save/restore of powersave state
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- [x] Deployed to fleet, NVS persistence verified
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## Completed: v1.5 - Event Handling & NVS Persistence
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- [x] EVENT packet parsing in watch daemon (motion, wifi_reconnect, powertest)
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- [x] Sensor heartbeat tracking (offline/online detection, configurable timeout)
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- [x] sensor_events table with indexed queries (`esp-ctl osint events`)
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- [x] HA webhooks for sensor_offline, sensor_online, motion_change
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- [x] NVS persistence for SCANRATE and PROBERATE commands
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- [x] Sensor events count in `esp-ctl osint stats`
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## Completed: v1.4 - Multi-Sensor & Validation
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- [x] Multi-sensor BLE correlation in esp-ctl (zone tracking by source sensor)
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- [x] Zone tracking with EMA RSSI (`esp-ctl osint zones`, `device_zones` table)
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- [x] Per-sensor breakdown in MAC profile (`esp-ctl osint mac`)
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- [x] POWERTEST command (7-phase power profiling with EVENT markers)
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- [x] Parallel OTA fleet updates (`esp-fleet ota --parallel`)
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## Completed: v1.3 - Security & OSINT
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- [x] HMAC command authentication (firmware + esp-ctl/esp-cmd/esp-fleet/esp-ota)
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- [x] AUTH command (set/query/disable secret, NVS persisted)
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- [x] auth=on/off in STATUS
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- [x] Deauth flood detection (ring buffer, aggregate ALERT_DATA)
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- [x] FLOODTHRESH command (count + window, NVS persisted)
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- [x] flood_thresh field in STATUS
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- [x] MAC OUI vendor lookup (`esp-ctl oui`, IEEE CSV database)
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- [x] OSINT SQLite database (probe_ssids, device_sightings tables)
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- [x] Watch daemon (`esp-ctl watch` — listen + enrich + store)
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- [x] OSINT query CLI (`esp-ctl osint probes/devices/mac/stats`)
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- [x] Home Assistant webhook integration (deauth_flood, unknown_probe, unknown_ble)
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- [x] Watch config file (`~/.config/esp-ctl/watch.yaml`)
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## Completed: v1.2
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- [x] On-device CSI feature extraction (amp_rms, amp_std, amp_max, amp_max_idx, energy)
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- [x] CSIMODE command: RAW, COMPACT, HYBRID N (NVS persisted)
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- [x] Compact payload format `"F:rms,std,max,idx,energy"` (~80% bandwidth reduction)
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- [x] Hybrid mode: compact every packet, raw every Nth
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- [x] STATUS fields: csi_mode, hybrid_n
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- [x] Adaptive sampling reuses extracted energy (no duplicate computation in COMPACT/HYBRID)
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## Completed: v1.1
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- [x] Sensor ID in data packets (hostname prefix on CSI_DATA, BLE_DATA, EVENT)
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- [x] Deauth/disassoc frame detection (ALERT_DATA via promiscuous mode)
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- [x] Chip temperature reporting in STATUS reply
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- [x] BLE alerting (`esp-ctl ble --known`, alert on unknown MACs)
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- [x] BLE dwell time tracking (dwell column in `--track` summary)
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- [x] Timestamped event logging (`esp-ctl listen --timestamp`)
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- [x] Alert filter in esp-ctl (`listen -f alert`)
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- [x] Runtime HOSTNAME command (NVS persisted, mDNS updated)
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- [x] WiFi probe request capture (PROBE_DATA via promiscuous mode, 10s dedup)
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- [x] mDNS service advertisement (`_esp-csi._udp`)
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- [x] mDNS sensor discovery (`esp-ctl discover`)
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- [x] Probe filter in esp-ctl (`listen -f probe`)
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- [x] OTA fleet to same firmware (ca526ef)
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- [x] CSI packet counter in STATUS (`csi_count=`)
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- [x] Raw uptime in STATUS (`uptime_s=`)
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- [x] WiFi reconnect EVENT emission
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- [x] SCANRATE command (BLE scan interval tuning, 5-300s)
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- [x] PROBERATE command (probe dedup cooldown tuning, 1-300s)
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- [x] Fix: promiscuous mode disables CSI on original ESP32 — guarded with `#if`
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- [x] FreeRTOS CPU runtime stats in PROFILE (trace facility enabled)
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- [x] Increased cmd_task stack 4KB → 6KB (was 516 bytes free)
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- [x] WiFi channel in STATUS (`channel=`)
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- [x] Boot counter in NVS (`boots=`)
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- [x] RSSI min/max tracking from CSI frames (`rssi_min=`, `rssi_max=`)
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- [x] Actual CSI rate in STATUS (`csi_rate=`)
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## Completed: v0.5 - BLE Scanning
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- [x] Enable Bluetooth alongside WiFi (NimBLE, BLE ON/OFF command)
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- [x] Periodic BLE advertisement scanning
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- [x] Report device MAC, RSSI, name via UDP
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- [x] Pi-side BLE device tracking (`esp-ctl ble --track`)
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- [x] PROFILE command (heap, stack watermarks, CPU runtime stats)
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- [x] TARGET command (runtime UDP destination config)
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## Completed: v0.4 - Adaptive Sampling
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- [x] On-device CSI wander calculation (coefficient of variation)
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- [x] Adaptive rate: 10 pkt/s idle (3s holdoff) → 100 pkt/s on motion
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- [x] EVENT notification to Pi on rate change
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- [x] ADAPTIVE ON/OFF command (NVS persisted)
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- [x] THRESHOLD command for tuning sensitivity (NVS persisted)
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- [x] RATE command disables adaptive mode
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- [x] adaptive/motion fields in STATUS reply
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- [x] OTA deployed and verified on amber-maple
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## Completed: v0.3 - OTA Updates
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- [x] Dual OTA partition table (`partitions.csv`)
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- [x] 4MB flash, custom partitions, rollback in sdkconfig.defaults
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- [x] Firmware: OTA command, ota_task, LED_OTA, rollback validation
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- [x] Firmware: version in STATUS reply
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- [x] Pi-side `esp-ota` tool (HTTP server + OTA orchestration)
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- [x] `esp-fleet ota` subcommand (sequential fleet update)
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- [x] Build and USB-flash amber-maple (partition table change)
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- [x] End-to-end OTA test verified
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- [x] Regenerate sdkconfig.sample
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- [x] Update CHEATSHEET.md, USAGE.md
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## Completed: v0.2 - Remote Management
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- [x] Firmware: UDP command listener (port 5501)
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- [x] Firmware: LED status indicator (GPIO2)
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- [x] Firmware: NVS config persistence (rate, tx_power)
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- [x] Firmware: REBOOT, IDENTIFY, STATUS commands
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- [x] Firmware: RATE command (10-100 Hz, restarts ping)
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- [x] Firmware: POWER command (2-20 dBm)
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- [x] Pi-side: `esp-cmd` CLI tool
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- [x] Pi-side: `esp-fleet` fleet management tool
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- [x] mDNS hostname, watchdog, human-readable uptime
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## Completed: v0.1 - Documentation
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- [x] Copy firmware sources to project
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- [x] Document current firmware and settings
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- [x] Document build & flash workflow
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- [x] Create .gitignore for build artifacts
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- [x] Test building firmware from this repo
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- [x] Document CSI config options
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## Notes
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- Adaptive threshold varies by environment; 0.001-0.01 is a good starting range
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- NVS keys (28 total): `send_rate`, `tx_power`, `adaptive`, `threshold`, `ble_scan`, `target_ip`, `target_port`, `hostname`, `boot_count`, `csi_mode`, `hybrid_n`, `auth_secret`, `flood_thresh`, `flood_window`, `scan_rate`, `probe_rate`, `powersave`, `presence`, `pr_thresh`, `bl_nsub`, `bl_amps`, `chanscan`, `chanscan_int`, `led_quiet`, `csi_enabled`, `alert_temp`, `alert_heap`
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- UDP commands (28 total): STATUS, CONFIG, RATE, POWER, TARGET, HOSTNAME, CSI, CSIMODE, ADAPTIVE, THRESHOLD, BLE, SCANRATE, PROBERATE, CALIBRATE, PRESENCE, CHANSCAN, LED, POWERSAVE, AUTH, FLOODTHRESH, ALERT, OTA, POWERTEST, PROFILE, PING, LOG, RSSI RESET, IDENTIFY, REBOOT, FACTORY, HELP
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- EVENT packets include sensor hostname: `EVENT,<hostname>,motion=... rate=... wander=...`
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- Alert events: `EVENT,<hostname>,alert=heap free=<n> thresh=<n>` and `EVENT,<hostname>,alert=temp value=<n> thresh=<n>`
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- ALERT_DATA format: `ALERT_DATA,<hostname>,<deauth|disassoc>,<sender_mac>,<target_mac>,<rssi>` or `ALERT_DATA,<hostname>,deauth_flood,<count>,<window_s>`
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- STATUS fields: `uptime=`, `uptime_s=`, `heap=`, `rssi=`, `channel=`, `tx_power=`, `rate=`, `csi_rate=`, `hostname=`, `version=`, `adaptive=`, `motion=`, `ble=`, `target=`, `temp=`, `csi_count=`, `boots=`, `rssi_min=`, `rssi_max=`, `csi=`, `csi_mode=`, `hybrid_n=`, `auth=`, `flood_thresh=`, `powersave=`, `presence=`, `pr_score=`, `chanscan=`, `led=`, `alert_temp=`, `alert_heap=`, `nvs_used=`, `nvs_free=`, `nvs_total=`, `part_size=`, `built=`, `idf=`, `chip=`
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- PROBE_DATA format: `PROBE_DATA,<hostname>,<mac>,<rssi>,<ssid>`
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- Probe requests deduped per MAC (default 10s cooldown, tunable via PROBERATE)
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- mDNS service: `_esp-csi._udp` on data port (for sensor discovery)
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- HOSTNAME command: `HOSTNAME <name>` sets NVS + mDNS, `HOSTNAME` queries current
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- **ESP32 limitation:** Promiscuous mode (deauth/probe detection) disabled — breaks CSI. Works on ESP32-C6+.
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