derp/docs/API.md

# derp - Plugin API Reference

Stable public surface for plugin authors. Covers decorators, bot
methods, IRC primitives, state persistence, and network helpers.

## Stability Guarantee

Symbols documented below follow [semver](https://semver.org/):

| Change type | Allowed in |
|-------------|------------|
| Breaking (remove, rename, change signature) | Major only (3.0, 4.0, ...) |
| Additions (new functions, parameters, fields) | Minor (2.1, 2.2, ...) |
| Bug fixes (behavior corrections) | Patch (2.0.1, 2.0.2, ...) |

**Deprecation policy:** deprecated in a minor release, removed in the
next major. Deprecated symbols emit a log warning.

**Extension points:** attributes prefixed with `_` are documented for
reference but considered unstable -- they may change in minor releases.

---

## `derp.plugin` -- Decorators & Registry

### Decorators

```python
@command(name: str, help: str = "", admin: bool = False, tier: str = "")
```

Register an async function as a bot command. If `tier` is empty, it
defaults to `"admin"` when `admin=True`, otherwise `"user"`.

```python
@event(event_type: str)
```

Register an async function as an IRC event handler. The `event_type`
is uppercased automatically (e.g. `"join"` becomes `"JOIN"`).

### Constants

| Name | Type | Value |
|------|------|-------|
| `TIERS` | `tuple[str, ...]` | `("user", "trusted", "oper", "admin")` |

### `Handler` dataclass

| Field | Type | Default | Description |
|-------|------|---------|-------------|
| `name` | `str` | -- | Command or event name |
| `callback` | `Callable` | -- | Async handler function |
| `help` | `str` | `""` | Help text |
| `plugin` | `str` | `""` | Source plugin name |
| `admin` | `bool` | `False` | Legacy admin flag |
| `tier` | `str` | `"user"` | Required permission tier |

### `PluginRegistry`

| Method | Signature | Description |
|--------|-----------|-------------|
| `register_command` | `(name, callback, help="", plugin="", admin=False, tier="user")` | Register a command handler |
| `register_event` | `(event_type, callback, plugin="")` | Register an event handler |
| `load_plugin` | `(path: Path) -> int` | Load plugin from `.py` file; returns handler count or -1 |
| `load_directory` | `(dir_path: Path) -> None` | Load all `.py` plugins from a directory |
| `unload_plugin` | `(name: str) -> bool` | Unload plugin (refuses `core`); returns success |
| `reload_plugin` | `(name: str) -> tuple[bool, str]` | Reload from original path; returns `(ok, reason)` |

**Extension points (unstable):**

| Attribute | Type | Description |
|-----------|------|-------------|
| `_modules` | `dict[str, Any]` | Loaded plugin modules by name |
| `_paths` | `dict[str, Path]` | File paths of loaded plugins |

---

## `derp.bot` -- Bot Instance

### Stable Attributes

| Attribute | Type | Description |
|-----------|------|-------------|
| `name` | `str` | Server/bot instance name |
| `config` | `dict` | Merged TOML configuration |
| `nick` | `str` | Current IRC nick |
| `prefix` | `str` | Command prefix (e.g. `"!"`) |
| `state` | `StateStore` | Persistent key-value storage |
| `registry` | `PluginRegistry` | Command and event registry |

### Sending Messages

| Method | Signature | Description |
|--------|-----------|-------------|
| `send` | `(target: str, text: str) -> None` | Send PRIVMSG (rate-limited, auto-split) |
| `reply` | `(msg: Message, text: str) -> None` | Reply to channel or PM source |
| `long_reply` | `(msg: Message, lines: list[str], *, label: str = "") -> None` | Reply with paste overflow for long output |
| `action` | `(target: str, text: str) -> None` | Send CTCP ACTION (/me) |

### IRC Control

| Method | Signature | Description |
|--------|-----------|-------------|
| `join` | `(channel: str) -> None` | Join a channel |
| `part` | `(channel: str, reason: str = "") -> None` | Part a channel |
| `quit` | `(reason: str = "bye") -> None` | Quit server and stop bot |
| `kick` | `(channel: str, nick: str, reason: str = "") -> None` | Kick user from channel |
| `mode` | `(target: str, mode_str: str, *args: str) -> None` | Set channel/user mode |
| `set_topic` | `(channel: str, topic: str) -> None` | Set channel topic |

### Utility

| Method | Signature | Description |
|--------|-----------|-------------|
| `shorten_url` | `(url: str) -> str` | Shorten URL via FlaskPaste; returns original on failure |
| `load_plugins` | `(plugins_dir: str \| Path \| None = None) -> None` | Load all plugins from directory |
| `load_plugin` | `(name: str) -> tuple[bool, str]` | Hot-load a plugin by name |
| `reload_plugin` | `(name: str) -> tuple[bool, str]` | Reload a plugin |
| `unload_plugin` | `(name: str) -> tuple[bool, str]` | Unload a plugin |

### Extension Points (unstable)

| Attribute / Method | Description |
|--------------------|-------------|
| `_pstate` | Per-bot plugin runtime state dict |
| `_get_tier(msg)` | Determine sender's permission tier |
| `_is_admin(msg)` | Check if sender is admin |
| `_dispatch_command(msg)` | Parse and dispatch a command from PRIVMSG |
| `_spawn(coro, *, name=)` | Spawn a tracked background task |
| `registry._modules` | Direct access to loaded plugin modules |

---

## `derp.irc` -- IRC Protocol

### `Message` dataclass

| Field | Type | Description |
|-------|------|-------------|
| `raw` | `str` | Original IRC line |
| `prefix` | `str \| None` | Sender prefix (`nick!user@host`) |
| `nick` | `str \| None` | Sender nick (extracted from prefix) |
| `command` | `str` | IRC command (uppercased) |
| `params` | `list[str]` | Command parameters |
| `tags` | `dict[str, str]` | IRCv3 message tags |

| Property | Type | Description |
|----------|------|-------------|
| `target` | `str \| None` | First param (channel or nick) |
| `text` | `str \| None` | Trailing text (last param) |
| `is_channel` | `bool` | Whether target starts with `#` or `&` |

### Functions

| Function | Signature | Description |
|----------|-----------|-------------|
| `parse` | `(line: str) -> Message` | Parse a raw IRC line |
| `format_msg` | `(command: str, *params: str) -> str` | Format an IRC command |

### `IRCConnection`

| Method | Signature | Description |
|--------|-----------|-------------|
| `connect` | `() -> None` | Open TCP/TLS connection |
| `send` | `(line: str) -> None` | Send raw IRC line (appends CRLF) |
| `readline` | `() -> str \| None` | Read one line; `None` on EOF |
| `close` | `() -> None` | Close connection |
| `connected` | *(property)* `-> bool` | Whether connection is open |

---

## `derp.state` -- Persistent Storage

### `StateStore`

SQLite-backed key-value store. Each plugin gets its own namespace.

| Method | Signature | Description |
|--------|-----------|-------------|
| `get` | `(plugin: str, key: str, default: str \| None = None) -> str \| None` | Get a value |
| `set` | `(plugin: str, key: str, value: str) -> None` | Set a value (upsert) |
| `delete` | `(plugin: str, key: str) -> bool` | Delete a key; returns `True` if removed |
| `keys` | `(plugin: str) -> list[str]` | List all keys for a plugin |
| `clear` | `(plugin: str) -> int` | Delete all state for a plugin; returns count |
| `close` | `() -> None` | Close the database connection |

---

## `derp.http` -- HTTP & Network

All outbound traffic routes through the configured SOCKS5 proxy.

| Function | Signature | Description |
|----------|-----------|-------------|
| `urlopen` | `(req, *, timeout=None, context=None, retries=None)` | Proxy-aware HTTP request with connection pooling and retries |
| `build_opener` | `(*handlers, context=None)` | Proxy-aware `urllib.request.build_opener` replacement |
| `create_connection` | `(address, *, timeout=None)` | SOCKS5-proxied `socket.create_connection` with retries |
| `open_connection` | `(host, port, *, timeout=None)` | SOCKS5-proxied `asyncio.open_connection` with retries |

---

## `derp.dns` -- DNS Helpers

Wire-format encode/decode for raw DNS queries and responses.

### Constants

| Name | Type | Description |
|------|------|-------------|
| `QTYPES` | `dict[str, int]` | Query type name to number (`A`, `NS`, `CNAME`, `SOA`, `PTR`, `MX`, `TXT`, `AAAA`) |
| `QTYPE_NAMES` | `dict[int, str]` | Reverse mapping (number to name) |
| `RCODES` | `dict[int, str]` | Response code to name |
| `TOR_DNS_ADDR` | `str` | Tor DNS resolver address |
| `TOR_DNS_PORT` | `int` | Tor DNS resolver port |

### Functions

| Function | Signature | Description |
|----------|-----------|-------------|
| `get_resolver` | `() -> str` | First IPv4 nameserver from `/etc/resolv.conf` |
| `encode_name` | `(name: str) -> bytes` | Encode domain to DNS wire format |
| `decode_name` | `(data: bytes, offset: int) -> tuple[str, int]` | Decode DNS name with pointer compression |
| `build_query` | `(name: str, qtype: int) -> bytes` | Build a DNS query packet |
| `parse_rdata` | `(rtype: int, data: bytes, offset: int, rdlength: int) -> str` | Parse an RR's rdata to string |
| `parse_response` | `(data: bytes) -> tuple[int, list[str]]` | Parse DNS response; returns `(rcode, values)` |
| `reverse_name` | `(addr: str) -> str` | Convert IP to reverse DNS name |

---

## `derp.teams` -- Teams Adapter

Alternative bot adapter for Microsoft Teams via outgoing/incoming webhooks.
Exposes the same plugin API as `derp.bot.Bot` so protocol-agnostic plugins
work without modification.

### `TeamsMessage` dataclass

Duck-typed compatible with IRC `Message`:

| Field | Type | Description |
|-------|------|-------------|
| `raw` | `dict` | Original Activity JSON |
| `nick` | `str \| None` | Sender display name |
| `prefix` | `str \| None` | Sender AAD object ID (for ACL) |
| `text` | `str \| None` | Message body (stripped of @mention) |
| `target` | `str \| None` | Conversation/channel ID |
| `is_channel` | `bool` | Always `True` (outgoing webhooks) |
| `command` | `str` | Always `"PRIVMSG"` (compat shim) |
| `params` | `list[str]` | `[target, text]` |
| `tags` | `dict[str, str]` | Empty dict (no IRCv3 tags) |
| `_replies` | `list[str]` | Reply buffer (unstable) |

### `TeamsBot`

Same stable attributes and methods as `Bot`:

| Attribute | Type | Description |
|-----------|------|-------------|
| `name` | `str` | Always `"teams"` |
| `config` | `dict` | Merged TOML configuration |
| `nick` | `str` | Bot display name (`teams.bot_name`) |
| `prefix` | `str` | Command prefix (from `[bot]`) |
| `state` | `StateStore` | Persistent key-value storage |
| `registry` | `PluginRegistry` | Shared command and event registry |

**Sending messages** -- same signatures, different transport:

| Method | Behaviour |
|--------|-----------|
| `send(target, text)` | POST to incoming webhook URL |
| `reply(msg, text)` | Append to `msg._replies` (HTTP response) |
| `long_reply(msg, lines, *, label="")` | Paste overflow, appends to replies |
| `action(target, text)` | Italic text via incoming webhook |
| `shorten_url(url)` | Same FlaskPaste integration |

**IRC no-ops** (debug log, no error):

`join`, `part`, `kick`, `mode`, `set_topic`

**Plugin management** -- delegates to shared registry:

`load_plugins`, `load_plugin`, `reload_plugin`, `unload_plugin`

**Permission tiers** -- same model, exact AAD object ID matching:

`_get_tier(msg)`, `_is_admin(msg)`

---

## Handler Signatures

All command and event handlers are async functions receiving `bot` and
`message`:

```python
async def cmd_name(bot: Bot, message: Message) -> None: ...
async def on_event(bot: Bot, message: Message) -> None: ...
```

The `message.text` contains the full message text including the command
prefix and name. To extract arguments:

```python
args = message.text.split(None, 1)[1] if " " in message.text else ""
```

---

## Plugin Boilerplate

### Minimal command plugin

```python
from derp.plugin import command

@command("greet", help="Say hello")
async def cmd_greet(bot, message):
    await bot.reply(message, f"Hello, {message.nick}!")
```

### Stateful plugin with `_ps(bot)` pattern

Plugins that need per-bot runtime state use a `_ps(bot)` helper to
namespace state in `bot._pstate`:

```python
from derp.plugin import command, event

_NS = "myplugin"

def _ps(bot):
    """Return per-bot plugin state, initialising on first call."""
    if _NS not in bot._pstate:
        bot._pstate[_NS] = {"counter": 0}
    return bot._pstate[_NS]

@command("count", help="Increment counter")
async def cmd_count(bot, message):
    ps = _ps(bot)
    ps["counter"] += 1
    await bot.reply(message, f"Count: {ps['counter']}")

@event("JOIN")
async def on_join(bot, message):
    if message.nick != bot.nick:
        ps = _ps(bot)
        ps["counter"] += 1
```

### Persistent state

Use `bot.state` for data that survives restarts:

```python
@command("note", help="Save a note")
async def cmd_note(bot, message):
    args = message.text.split(None, 2)
    if len(args) < 3:
        await bot.reply(message, "Usage: !note <key> <value>")
        return
    bot.state.set("note", args[1], args[2])
    await bot.reply(message, f"Saved: {args[1]}")
```