diff --git a/src/s5p/cli.py b/src/s5p/cli.py
index 662b2fe..7422c81 100644
--- a/src/s5p/cli.py
+++ b/src/s5p/cli.py
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ import asyncio
 import logging
 
 from . import __version__
-from .config import Config, ProxySourceConfig, load_config, parse_proxy_url
+from .config import Config, PoolSourceConfig, ProxyPoolConfig, load_config, parse_proxy_url
 from .server import serve
 
 
@@ -81,7 +81,9 @@ def main(argv: list[str] | None = None) -> int:
         config.retries = args.retries
 
     if args.proxy_source:
-        config.proxy_source = ProxySourceConfig(url=args.proxy_source)
+        config.proxy_pool = ProxyPoolConfig(
+            sources=[PoolSourceConfig(url=args.proxy_source)],
+        )
 
     if args.verbose:
         config.log_level = "debug"
diff --git a/src/s5p/config.py b/src/s5p/config.py
index 7708ae8..690819e 100644
--- a/src/s5p/config.py
+++ b/src/s5p/config.py
@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@ from urllib.parse import urlparse
 
 import yaml
 
-
 DEFAULT_PORTS = {"socks5": 1080, "socks4": 1080, "http": 8080}
 
 
@@ -29,7 +28,7 @@ class ChainHop:
 
 @dataclass
 class ProxySourceConfig:
-    """Configuration for the dynamic proxy source API."""
+    """Configuration for the dynamic proxy source API (legacy)."""
 
     url: str = ""
     proto: str | None = None
@@ -38,6 +37,31 @@ class ProxySourceConfig:
     refresh: float = 300.0
 
 
+@dataclass
+class PoolSourceConfig:
+    """A single proxy source: HTTP API or text file."""
+
+    url: str | None = None
+    file: str | None = None
+    proto: str | None = None
+    country: str | None = None
+    limit: int | None = 1000
+
+
+@dataclass
+class ProxyPoolConfig:
+    """Configuration for the managed proxy pool."""
+
+    sources: list[PoolSourceConfig] = field(default_factory=list)
+    refresh: float = 300.0
+    test_interval: float = 120.0
+    test_url: str = "http://httpbin.org/ip"
+    test_timeout: float = 15.0
+    test_concurrency: int = 5
+    max_fails: int = 3
+    state_file: str = ""
+
+
 @dataclass
 class Config:
     """Server configuration."""
@@ -49,6 +73,7 @@ class Config:
     retries: int = 3
     log_level: str = "info"
     proxy_source: ProxySourceConfig | None = None
+    proxy_pool: ProxyPoolConfig | None = None
 
 
 def parse_proxy_url(url: str) -> ChainHop:
@@ -114,17 +139,51 @@ def load_config(path: str | Path) -> Config:
                     )
                 )
 
-    if "proxy_source" in raw:
+    if "proxy_pool" in raw:
+        pp = raw["proxy_pool"]
+        sources = []
+        for src in pp.get("sources", []):
+            sources.append(
+                PoolSourceConfig(
+                    url=src.get("url"),
+                    file=src.get("file"),
+                    proto=src.get("proto"),
+                    country=src.get("country"),
+                    limit=src.get("limit", 1000),
+                )
+            )
+        config.proxy_pool = ProxyPoolConfig(
+            sources=sources,
+            refresh=float(pp.get("refresh", 300)),
+            test_interval=float(pp.get("test_interval", 120)),
+            test_url=pp.get("test_url", "http://httpbin.org/ip"),
+            test_timeout=float(pp.get("test_timeout", 15)),
+            test_concurrency=int(pp.get("test_concurrency", 5)),
+            max_fails=int(pp.get("max_fails", 3)),
+            state_file=pp.get("state_file", ""),
+        )
+    elif "proxy_source" in raw:
+        # backward compat: convert legacy proxy_source to proxy_pool
         ps = raw["proxy_source"]
         if isinstance(ps, str):
-            config.proxy_source = ProxySourceConfig(url=ps)
+            url, proto, country, limit, refresh = ps, None, None, 1000, 300.0
         elif isinstance(ps, dict):
+            url = ps.get("url", "")
+            proto = ps.get("proto")
+            country = ps.get("country")
+            limit = ps.get("limit", 1000)
+            refresh = float(ps.get("refresh", 300))
+        else:
+            url, proto, country, limit, refresh = "", None, None, 1000, 300.0
+
+        if url:
+            config.proxy_pool = ProxyPoolConfig(
+                sources=[PoolSourceConfig(url=url, proto=proto, country=country, limit=limit)],
+                refresh=refresh,
+            )
+            # keep legacy field for source.py compat during transition
             config.proxy_source = ProxySourceConfig(
-                url=ps.get("url", ""),
-                proto=ps.get("proto"),
-                country=ps.get("country"),
-                limit=ps.get("limit", 1000),
-                refresh=float(ps.get("refresh", 300)),
+                url=url, proto=proto, country=country, limit=limit, refresh=refresh,
             )
 
     return config