# Vim Cheatsheet

This is a quick reference guide for common Vim commands. Vim has several modes: Normal (default), Insert, Visual, and Command-line.

## Modes
- **Normal Mode**: Default mode for navigation and commands (press `Esc` to return).
- **Insert Mode**: For typing text (enter with `i`, `a`, etc.).
- **Visual Mode**: For selecting text (enter with `v`, `V`, or `Ctrl-v`).
- **Command Mode**: For extended commands (enter with `:` from Normal mode).

## Basic Navigation (Normal Mode)
- `h` / `j` / `k` / `l`: Move left/down/up/right.
- `w` / `b`: Jump to next/previous word.
- `0` / `$`: Start/end of line.
- `gg` / `G`: Top/bottom of file.
- `Ctrl-f` / `Ctrl-b`: Page down/up.
- `{number}G`: Go to line {number}.

## Editing Commands (Normal Mode)
- `i`: Insert before cursor.
- `a`: Append after cursor.
- `o` / `O`: New line below/above.
- `x`: Delete character under cursor.
- `dd`: Delete current line.
- `yy`: Yank (copy) current line.
- `p` / `P`: Paste after/before cursor.
- `u`: Undo last change.
- `Ctrl-r`: Redo.
- `.`: Repeat last command.

## Visual Mode
- `v`: Start visual selection (character-wise).
- `V`: Start visual selection (line-wise).
- `Ctrl-v`: Start visual block selection.
- Use navigation to select, then apply commands like `d` (delete), `y` (yank).

## Saving and Quitting (Command Mode)
- `:w`: Save file.
- `:q`: Quit (if no changes or saved).
- `:wq` or `ZZ`: Save and quit.
- `:q!`: Quit without saving.
- `:wqa`: Save and quit all.

## Search and Replace
- `/pattern`: Search forward for pattern.
- `?pattern`: Search backward.
- `n` / `N`: Next/previous match.
- `:%s/old/new/g`: Replace all occurrences of 'old' with 'new' in file.
- `:s/old/new/`: Replace in current line.

## Other Useful Commands
- `:set number`: Show line numbers.
- `:set nonumber`: Hide line numbers.
- `:help {topic}`: Open help for topic.
- `Ctrl-w v` / `Ctrl-w s`: Split window vertically/horizontally.
- `Ctrl-w w`: Switch between windows.

## Tips
- Use counts: e.g., `5dd` deletes 5 lines.
- Combine motions: e.g., `dw` deletes to end of word.
- Record macros: `q{letter}` to start, `q` to stop, `@{letter}` to replay.
- Vim is highly customizable via `.vimrc`.

## Advanced Commands
- `:e filename`: Open a file
- `:bd`: Close current buffer
- `:sp` / `:vsp`: Split horizontal / vertical
- `Ctrl + ]` : Jump to tag (with ctags)
- `q:` : Open command history
- `:%s/old/new/gc` : Replace with confirmation

## Plugins and Extensions
- Popular plugins: NERDTree for file exploration, vim-fugitive for Git integration.
- Install with Vim-plug or Pathogen.

Sources: Based on https://devhints.io/vim and other web resources.

For more, type `:help` in Vim!